Asian American Dreams Essay Sample free essay sample

Asiatic American Dreams is genuinely an influencing book. It is contacting non in light of the fact that it is a fiction with many voyaging mystery plans and the saint or diacetylmorphine has voyaging highlights †absolutely talking it is non a fiction †but since it gives a depiction. an announcement. an admission from the situation of an Asiatic American grown-up female creator who uncovered so crude. so genuinely. so authentically. her guiltless emotions about her being as an Asiatic American. Helen Zia. the young lady of Chinese foreigners. conceived in New Jersey. experienced childhood in the 1950ss when there were simply 150. 000 Chinese Americans in the full state. As an honor winning columnist who lives in the San Francisco Bay Area. Zia has secured Asiatic American people group and cultural and political movements for in excess of twenty mature ages. Unique in relation to different minorities gatherings. she expected what Chinese Americans wished to be was non how to proceed with their social uniqueness. We will compose a custom article test on Asian American Dreams Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page then again. they attempted to look into by what they could be made a to the full American. In any case. she was obviously disappointed with she was everlastingly considered as a â€Å"alien† even she was conceived in New Jersey. â€Å"There is a drill. † she composed. â€Å" that pretty much all Asians in America have encountered a larger number of times than they can number. Whole outsiders will disturb with the foolishly experiential request ‘What right? ’ Or the each piece basic enquiry ‘Where are your from? ’ Their inquiries are all around well meaning. made in the equivalent degage mode that you may use to get some information about a pooch’s strain. † She obviously brought up a situation that Asiatic Americans. exceptionally Chinese Americans. had been standing up to in the American scene. There had been generalized political directions unaccommodating the political and cultural situation of Chinese Americans. A portion of the stereotypic builds were unintended. nil noxious. They potentially were simply a product of cultural cooperations between various cultural. social gatherings. every one of which keeping a culture-based ( or conceivably ethnic-pettiness ) purpose of position. Nonetheless. a portion of those employments may hold rose on account of the cultural. political. authentic and monetary world. Zia other than depicted Asians Americans as an American minority. which could non support from being racially and ethnically recognized. A passage in his book addressed the issue of value: â€Å"Comparison between the throwing of Morgan Freeman and Jonathan Pryce other than neglect the one time normal example of Caucasic histrions using make-up to obscure their coverings to play minorities. while. at a similar clasp. different histrions were banned from capacities altogether in light of the shade of their covering. To farther recommend that Equity advocates the shockable position that Jews can simply play Jews. or on the other hand Italians can just play Italians. or then again any comparable throwing that is drawn absolutely along racial or social lines. entirely twists the issue. Jews have ever had the option to play Italians. Italians have ever had the op tion to play Jews. what's more, both have ever had the option to play Asian. Asiatic histrions. in any case. about neer get the opportunity to play either Jews or Italians and proceed to battle even to play themselves. † Zia recorded in incredible thing the issue of the show Miss Saigon. â€Å"After Pryce left Miss Saigon in 1992. each Engineer has been played by a histrion of Asiatic plunge. Regardless of Mackintosh’s introductory explanation that no Asiatic Americans were equipped for moving the significant capacities. the show has effectively cycled a few coevalss of Asiatic performing craftsmen through its positions †an immediate result of the actors’ fight. ‘We may hold lost the contention. be that as it may, we won the war. ’ said B. D. Wong. † †¦ . Zia other than saw the modifications that had been going on. â€Å"The advancement of new Asiatic American people group other than confused the impression of causing an Asiatic American to relate to social picture that can supplant evil and shortsighted gene ralizations. In the event that there was ever a ‘single’ singularity bunch that could be portrayed as assorted. Asiatic Americans are it. With our invariable developing and change. we are our ain moving imprint. There is no enormous Asiatic American development ; it would be increasingly exact to discuss Asiatic American civic establishments. Is it conceivable to make social images and look that can pass on the bounty and multifaceted nature of Asiatic Audience? † â€Å"Film and video aggressors made media communities in Los Angeles. New York. San Francisco. Seattle. furthermore, Boston in the seventiess on the grounds that Asiatic American had no course to standard broadcasting and film creation. Media activists clung to specific standards for their plants: ‘The clench hand was that being Asiatic American rose above the experience of being altogether Chinese. Korean. or on the other hand Nipponese American. ’ composed Stephen Gong in Traveling the Image: Independent Asian Pacific American Media Arts. ‘The second was a confidence in the intensity of the media to result cultural and social change†¦Mangy anticipated the opportunity of supplanting negative media g eneralizations with progressively dependable and affirmatory pictures. ’† However. as Zia cited Renee Tajima-Pena. a movie producer who created Who Killed Vincent Chin? furthermore, My America: â€Å"What still stayed from the 1970s was the feeling that we as Asiatic American imaginative people were building a container Asian American human advancement from scraped spot. † In the terminal of the book. Zia refered to the Washington Post over the episode of Wen Ho Li: â€Å"China’s descrying. they state. all the more ordinarily includes cajoling pieces of data out of sing remote specialists and entrusting 1000s of Chinese abroad to pass on insider facts home one at a clasp like emmets shipping grains of sand. The Chinese have been piecing such grains of sand since in any event the fourth century BC. at the point when the military thinker Sun Tzu noticed the estimation of undercover work in his definitive work. The Art of War. † Zia composed. rebuting the Washington Post’s new China descrying phantasy: â€Å"Students of history will recognize that the inference to â€Å"ants† beholds back to Cold War avocation to drop nuclear bombs on China. whose individuals were compared to bugs. prepared to overflow into different states. History fans will other than recall that sharp challengers Athinais and Sparta were secured together in the Peloponnesian Wars around the clasp that Sun Tzu was making his great ; unquestionably Western civilisation had found the specialty of reconnaissance by so. Undoubtedly. the Bible makes a few referenced to covert operators †hundreds of years before Sun Tzu. Be that as it may, blending to the â€Å"experts. † the social inclination of China toward reconnaissance turns all Chinese American and sing China subjects. from understudies and tourers to concern delegates and ambassadors into conceivable covert specialists for China. † Zia in the end communicated her genuine engaging for the option to hold a similar American dream as some other American social gatherings have. She stated: â€Å"All Americans have an association in a fair society that maintains its guarantee of uniformity and justness. It is a clasp when rising Asiatic Americans are making out intensely to different networks to divide our drams†

Women as transformational leaders Research Paper

Ladies as transformational pioneers - Research Paper Example A viable pioneer shows an energy for work and invests all the amounts of energy by committing additional opportunity to it. The individual I really respect as a pioneer is the overseeing chief of the state’s wellbeing foundation since outstanding changes have been watched. The establishment was recently packed; patients were never taken care of, and the spot was unhygienic. It had deficient present day offices as most machines were passed with innovation, in spite of being the significant referral clinic in the state. She has now changed the spot surprisingly it is currently perfect, patients’ participation has truly improved, and the laborers are dealt with better. The factor that energizes her is the endurance where she took his work, and in spite of the successive difficulties, she has attempted her best to beat the chances is as yet working for more noteworthy objectives. Her connection to his youngsters is so astonishing and, she is resolved with regards to his work, she has put all that he needs to see a superior wellbeing community improve. Initiative advancement rehearses have numerous advantages. They assist pioneers with increasing more understanding. At the point when pioneers experience advancement rehearses, they increase a feeling of obligation, and this aides improves their presentation. The practices likewise assists pioneers with having expanded faithfulness from the ethics they secure, and this builds the efficiency on the association. It additionally enables a pioneer to find what the individual in question is acceptable at and chip away at it to increase the expectations of an association. Ladies are not known much in the initiative circles since it is considered implied for men. Advancement rehearses assist them with prevailing in different manners. They assist ladies with increasing a feeling of fearlessness. This causes them put down a large portion of their weights, which are more than men’s. A model is the way that ladies will in general experience passionate troubles more frequently and strongly than men do. The practices support

Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Substance Use

Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Substance Use GAD Coping Print Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Substance Use By Deborah R. Glasofer, PhD twitter linkedin Deborah Glasofer, PhD is a professor of clinical psychology and practitioner of cognitive behavioral therapy. Learn about our editorial policy Deborah R. Glasofer, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 26, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 16, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Getty Images Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is known to frequently overlap with other emotional and behavioral problems, including depression, other anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. While the exact mechanism by which an individual develops co-occurring generalized anxiety and substance use disorders remains unclear, self-medication is thought to play an important role. When an individual decides independently to use a substance to soothe or manage a particular symptom, it is referred to as “self-medicating.” Self-medication often provides temporary relief of an uncomfortable sensation or emotion, which reinforces its use. Recent research indicates, however, that the use of alcohol or drugs to cope with symptoms of anxiety can be particularly problematic as it confers additional risk of ultimately developing a substance use disorder. The Link Between GAD and Substance  Use Disorders Though GAD is known to affect women at higher rates, co-occurring GAD and substance use disorders are more likely to affect men. According to a recent report from a national survey on substance use disorders, individuals with co-occurring GAD and substance use disorder are more likely to have a family history of an alcohol or drug use disorder than those with GAD alone. The presence of a substance use disorder is associated with more severe anxiety symptoms and more overall impairment in day-to-day functioning. Compared to adults with “uncomplicated” GAD, those with GAD and a substance use disorder are more likely to report poor concentration, to describe more conflict with loved ones, and to endorse more difficulty completing their daily responsibilities. What to Know About Treatment Though individuals with co-occurring GAD and substance use disorders have higher rates of other co-occurring psychiatric conditions (such as bipolar disorder, panic disorder, or social anxiety disorder) than those without a substance use disorder, rates of seeking treatment are equivalent, and relatively low, across groups. Regardless of the presence of a substance use disorder, this large-scale study found that nearly half of those diagnosed with GAD received no treatment. Individuals who did ultimately seek treatment did so, on average, two years after the onset of their anxiety symptoms. However, there are effective treatments for both GAD and substance use disorders. Depending on which disorder is considered primary and the severity of each condition, treatment of one disorder may be followed by treatment of the second disorder, treatment of both conditions may occur in parallel by different clinicians, or treatment may be integrated such that the disorders are treated (or at least monitored) simultaneously by a single treatment provider. If you find yourself using drugs or alcohol to manage your anxiety, it is not likely to be the solution to the problem. While some substances may help with anxiety in the short-term, their effects are temporary. And the use of these substances can create a psychological or physiological dependence, which will cause or worsen other life problems and will ultimately exacerbate your anxiety symptoms. Co-Occurring Disorders: Mental Health Issues Addiction A Word From Verywell If you (or a loved one) is worried about your use of substances to cope with anxiety, you should  learn about the signs of a substance use problem and how to try to change these behaviors. Consider speaking with a mental health provider or your physician about your particular circumstance; a clinician will be able to help you assess your symptoms and to understand what available treatments might be best suited to your needs. If you are unsure about the resources in your neighborhood, you can find help locally through the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)  or the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) (which also provides some basic information on dual diagnosis).

Equal Employment Opportunity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 969 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Equal employment opportunity (EEO) began when President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 in 1941. Executive Order 8802 ensured that every American citizen was guaranteed equal employment opportunities in World War II defense contracts, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin. Today, the EEO legislation has affected businesses. The topics discussed will be, how the organization, as well as the individual employee, has rights, the effect it has on the customers, how it can improve an organization’s public relations, how it can diversify the workforce, and the effect it has on Human Resources Management of an organization. Organization and Employee Rights A. Equal Pay Act of 1963 â€Å"To prohibit discrimination on account of sex in the payment of wages by employers engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce. June 10, 1963 [S. 1409]† (1). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Equal Employment Opportunity" essay for you Create order In other words, employers cannot pay a woman, who performs the same job as a man, less because of her gender. This act is an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act which states that it is illegal to pay workers lower wages strictly on the basis on their sex. B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 â€Å"Prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin; created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to enforce the provisions of Title VII† (Bohlander and Snell 101). Discrimination was prohibited in public facilities, in government, and in employment. Segregating races in schools, housing, or hiring became illegal. C. Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 â€Å"Prohibits private and public employers from discriminating against people age 40 or older in any area of employment because of age; exceptions are permitted when age is a bona fide occupational qualification† (Bohlander and Snell 101). Organizations are not allowed to discriminate against an older person, but if they cannot meet the demands of the job, the older person can be eliminated from consideration. D. Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 Amended Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964; strengthens EEOC’s enforcement powers and extends coverage of Title VII to government employees, employees in higher education, and other employers and employees† (Bohlander and Snell 101). With this act, employers are further protected from discrimination. Employees are allowed to sue employers to enforce the provisions of the act. Effects on Customers Eq ual employment opportunity affects the customers in various ways. If the employees working are satisfied and happy, the customer will see it when the employees help them. For example, a customer walks into Burger King to get something to eat, but the cashier is unhappy that a coworker is getting paid more than him for doing the same job and having the same time in the workforce, so the cashier takes it out on the customer. The customer will probably never return to the business again. If the employees work in a happy environment, they will provide better services. Improvement of Public Relations By applying EEO to an organization, the public relations will improve. In society, one of the main jobs is to keep good appearances. An organization wants to promote that everything in their company works perfectly and equally. By maintaining good appearances, the organization has a greater probability that other organizations will want to work with them. Also, it will attract the best workers because they will want to work for an organization that is fair. Diversity in the Workforce When referring to diversity in the workforce, the first thing that pops into people’s heads is Affirmative Action. â€Å"Affirmative action† means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. When those steps involve preferential selection—on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity—affirmative action generates intense controversy† (1). The establishment of affirmative action causes a huge controversy. Yes, affirmat ive action helps out minorities and women because it allows them to get better opportunities without being discriminated against. The problem that arose from affirmative action was reverse discrimination. Reverse discrimination is â€Å"the act of giving preference to members of protected classes to the extent that unprotected individuals believe they are suffering discrimination† (Bohlander and Snell 126). For example, in University of California Regents v Bakke (1978), the Supreme Court of the United States settled a reverse discrimination case, which land marked affirmative action. Allan Bakke, a white male, applied to the university, but was denied admission twice. He stated that he had better scores than some of the people that were admitted because they were minorities. The Court ruled in favor of Bakke. Race can be a factor in an applicant’s evaluation as long as the other factors are considered and there was not a quota system for individuals in different protected classes. Diversity can be a good thing. Having a diverse business helps the organization by allowing input from different point of views, thus allowing growth of the company. It can also teach employees organizational morals and views by letting them coexist with one another. A happy and diverse workplace means better proficiency and efficiency. Effects on Human Resources Management Equal employment opportunity effects human resources management. Human resources management is defined as â€Å"the process of managing human talent to achieve an organization’s objectives† (Bohlander and Snell 4). With EEO legislation, human resources management have to consider all guidelines the laws impose on the organization when hiring or changing their structure. Human resource managers have to be up to date with everything that is going on in reference to their company. That may include new laws domestically and internationally. Conclusion In conclusion, equal employment opportunity has changed what businesses are today. Organizations have to be more careful with how they run their company. Furthermore, they have to consider the rights of employers and employees, the customers, public relations, diversity, and their own human resources managers.

Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail

During the time Martin Luther King Jr. wrote â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† April 16, 1963, while he was in the Birmingham City Jail in Birmingham, Alabama, the world King lived was different form today. A world where blacks and whites where segregated from everything around them. The people of color were treated unequally. The laws during the time was unjustified. The treatment towards the people of color were brutal and very different than the world today. When King wrote the letter, he was in the jail cell because he was arrested for participating in the nonviolent direct-action program march against segregation and he did not have a permit. In Kings letter, he was defending his nonviolent direct-action for segregation to the white clergymen and declaring that the law was unjustified for the people of color. In Kings letter, he uses words and analogies that make him seem like he is talking directly to the white clergy men and that he is talking to them as an equal, respecting the reader and not talking down to them, therefore making his letter seem more positive so the person who received and read his letter seem more interested and opened minded. He starts by explaining that he was not intruding but he was invited to the non-violent march against segregation. King was arrested for being an outsider of the City of Birmingham. He writes to the clergymen saying â€Å"since you have been influenced by the view which argues against â€Å"outsiders coming in†Ã¢â‚¬  (King, 1963). However,Show MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr. s Letter From A Birmingham Jail1157 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† is directed towards the clergymen, although America is his audience, King had come to Birmingham to address the segregation probl em in the United States. He refuses to stay silent, even though people told him to wait for the change to happen. King is a part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference that has many organizations across the South. He felt that he has a right to be in Birmingham because his organizations have connections withRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail934 Words   |  4 PagesIn Martin Luther King Jr.’s , â€Å" Letter from Birmingham Jail†, King responds to the judgments of a group of clergymen , after King s arrest, by writing a letter explaining why the clergymen s judgments were wrong. In his letter, king brings very reasonable and valid points that challenge the judgments of the ministers. The main arguments that king makes would be the reason of his existence in Birmingham, white power structure and its racial injustice, and finally why negotiation has brought up impatienceRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1223 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr.’s, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† emphasizes the need for civil disobedience when faced with unjust laws. This idea contradicts Socrates’ claim made in Crito, that one must follow the law under all circumstances. In this paper, I will argue that Socrates is not a proponent of civil disobedience based on King’s definition of civil disobedience and Socrates’ charges. Moreover, I will argue that both Socrates and King disagree with one another based on the concept of civilRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1665 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween these two are most evident in their desire for freedom. Martin Luther King Jr. wanted freedom from segregation and Plato wanted freedom from ignorance. They both wanted justice, and knew that it was immoral to take deny another being justice. For example, Plato has said, â€Å"†¦ Injustice is always an evil and dishonor to him who acts unjustly.† This is similar to what Martin Luther King Jr has also stated in â€Å"Letters from Birmingham Jail†, â€Å"We have a moral responsibility to disobey any law that conflictsRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.s Letter From Birmingham Jail1726 Words   |  7 PagesOver the course of Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963), the author, Martin Luther King Jr., makes extended allusions to multiple philosophers, among them Aquinas and Socrates. His comparison would seem to indicate that he shares an affinity with them. However, the clarity with which he makes his arguments and the dedication to a single premise strikes most strongly of Kant. Just as Kant’s magnum opus, Critique of Pure Reason, attempted to completely upend a previously accepted mode of thought, soRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.s Letter From Birmingham Jail890 Words   |  4 PagesFrom 1882-1968, 4,743 lynchings occurred in the United States (NAACP). African Americans accounted for 72.2% of recorded lynchings, yet close to none of these lynchings were ever brought justice. Racial injustice was a huge issue until the mid-l ate twentieth century, and Martin Luther King Jr.’s 1963 â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was one of the first documents to address the issue. It is one of history’s most important documents regarding racial injustice, as it is considered a classic documentRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.’S Persuasion in â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†1569 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.’s Persuasion in â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† After being arrested and imprisoned in Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King Jr. wrote one of his most famous works to the people of Birmingham, titled â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail on April 16, 1963. This piece speaks of the evils of the segregation laws and how the blacks had been treated unfairly in Birmingham, in an attempt to get the white people to support the desegregation of Birmingham. He had been imprisoned because of hisRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesPower Analysis: Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail A statement from eight white clergymen from Alabama prompted Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†. This statement criticized Kings actions of non-violent protests against racial segregation and the injustice of unequal civil rights in America (Carpenter elt al.). The eight clergymen considered Birmingham to be â€Å"their† town and King was disrupting the â€Å"Law and Order and Common Sense† established in coping with racialRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail986 Words   |  4 Pages and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s Letter from Birmingham Jail are two important pieces of history. In Lincoln’s speech he speaks about the dangers of slavery in the United States and warned everybody that people who disrespected American laws could destroy the United States. On the other hand, Martin Luther King Jr. defended the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism, and argued that people have a mora l responsibility to break unjust laws. Based on these facts, Martin Luther King Jr does notRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail962 Words   |  4 Pagesintangible, it is still necessary. Some forms of inspiration come as passionate love while others appeal as injustice. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a response to A Call for Unity by eight white clergymen. His inspiration for writing the letter was the clergymens unjust proposals and the letter allowed him to present his rebuttal. Martin Luther King Jr. effectively crafted his counter argument by first directly addressing his audience, the clergymen, and then using logos

BP Crisis Communication Free Essays

A crisis was exactly what British Petroleum (referred to as ‘BP throughout the paper) went through in 2010. It was particularly important to communicate the right way taking all considerations into account. We were wondering how the specific crisis went so wrong and if the use of specific communication strategy was beneficial or not. We will write a custom essay sample on BP Crisis Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, the communication strategies used to overcome the crisis can be used by many other companies in the future as guidelines of how to do and, maybe more important, how not to. Also, the intervention from the American government, the pressure from the local community and how the media was used, is extremely important in the BP case. This paper intends to show how BP communicated and reacted throughout the crisis. It will discuss the challenges BP had and it will especially focus on how BP actually reacted to the crisis and how they perhaps should have reacted differently, including the use of communication theories. Finally, the paper will outline the consequences of the crisis on both organization and communication strategy. On April 20, 2010, the Departed Horizon oil-drilling rig explosion in the Gulf of Mexico resulted in the deaths of 11 rig workers, but public attention quickly shifted from their deaths to the following environmental and economic damages – the incident was described as the worst maritime oil spill accident in history, as the accident released over 18 million gallons of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Three months passed before BP substantially stopped the leak, all the while the crisis was evilly covered by all news media in the United States as well as internationally. As a result of this, the BP oil spill case serves an excellent example of analysis of BSP crisis communication. L The total cost of BP to indemnify the clean up of the environment and funds to affected workers has reached almost two billion dollars. 2 2 www. Guardian. Co. UK/business/2012/July/31 /BP-departed-horizon-costs Page 4 of 28 Incorporated in 1909 in England , BP has become one of the world’s largest multinational companies operating in more than 80 countries 4, leading in oil and as industry, including exploration and production, refining, distribution, extracting and producing renewable energy. The company provides their customers with energy for heating and lighting, fuel for transportation and energy for retail services and petrochemical products. BP employs approximately 80,000 employees, and sales and other operating revenues add up to $375,517 million in 20116 . Finally BP is also a conglomerate owning several brands such as: ORAL, ARC, Castro, amp and The Wild Bean Cafe ©. Having settled â€Å"BP and the Departed Horizon Crisis† as the case, which this paper ill centre around, the problem statement is as follows: To which extent has BP successfully communicated during the Departed Horizon Crisis? In order to examine the problem statement the paper will attempt to address the following issues: I) Characterize how BP communicated during the crisis. It) Analyses the effects of BSP communicative strategies. Iii) Discuss and evaluate whether or not BP has been successful in dealing with the crisis seen from a communicative perspective. In this paper a broad spectrum of empirical data has been used. However, most of the empirical data has been found through articles in different newspapers – the use f different newspapers and their viewpoints has given us very diversified inputs throughout the paper. But this does not exclude a use of quantitative data which, amongst other things, have been used to illuminate the several attempts of BP to use CARS-strategies, and underline the immense loss of fiscal funds the crisis has caused. The rather specific choices of qualitative data have been used to shed light on the different views of the crisis – and the several statements pointing toward similar conclusions have helped to support the points made and clarify a rather eventful crisis. In addition, the conclusions deducted throughout the paper have been supported by theories worked with in classes and the additional http://www. BP. Com/liveliness/BP_internet/global/Stating/global_assets/ downloads/F/ OFF_2007_2011 _full_book. PDF 4 http://www. BP. Com/liveliness/BP_internet/global/Stating/global_assets/ downloads/l/BP_20-F_2009. PDF 5 http://www. BP. Com/Congregationalists. Do? Category=3contentld=2006926 6 http://www. BP. Com/Congregationalists. Do? Category=3contentld=2006926 page 5 of 28 theories which proved to be necessary or helpful. In the beginning of the work with he case study of BSP crisis response, a pretty sufficient understanding of the crisis as a whole was in place, we assumed, but as the paper progressed and different theories were applied our understanding of BP and the relationship to their stakeholders grew. The quantitative data used also comes from BSP own publications as well as articles from different international online newspapers. Of course, the reader must have in mind that BSP own figures, occasionally, might have been used to strengthen their image and not only inform the reader. When examining and analyzing the Deep Water Horizon oil spill crisis, this paper is et out to delimit the case by answering our initial problem statement. To narrow our focus down to the relevant aspects in the case we have decided to delimit our analysis to the main stakeholders, including: (I) the American government; (it) the local society; and (iii) the media. This has been done not only due to the formal constraints of the paper, but also in order to go into depth with these stakeholders, who we reckon to be, of major importance to this crisis within the given delimitation’s of this paper. In order to answer this paper we find it necessary to make a common definition of a crisis. Extensive studies have been carried out on crisis communications over the past two decades. A brief review of literature on this subject reveals that there are several definitions of organizational crisis, depending on theorists’ different viewpoints on what constitutes a crisis. Herman claimed that to reach the level of a crisis, the event must contain three negative attributes: surprise, threat, and short response time. Surprise means that the organization did not prepare for the magnitude of the crisis. Threat means that the event poses a threat to the organization’s financial security, customers, surrounding environment etc. Short response time refers to the urgent need of preventive action in order to stop an intensification of the crisis. 7 For the purpose of this paper the following deduction of a definition off crisis is found useful: Hermann, C. F. , 1963. Some consequences of crisis which limit the viability of organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 8, p. 61-82. Page 6 of 28 W. Timothy Combs utilizes the interconnectivity of these three attributes to make his definition of a crisis: â€Å"A crisis can be defined as an event that is an unpredictable, major threat that can have a negative effect on the organization, industry, or takeovers if handled improperly. â€Å"8 Furthermore, according to the very same book, organizations frequently find themselves in situations that can be identified as crisis. There are no exceptions; â€Å"We must accept that no organization is immune from a crisis anywhere in the world even if that organization is vigilant and actively seeks to prevent crises. † (Combs Holiday, 2010: p. 7). This reality urges the need for preparation and readiness to respond – what is called crisis management. The major difference between handling an issue and an actual crisis is that an issue turns into crisis when it goes from the company domain into the public domain; a situation, which sometimes is inevitable no matter how compe tent the management is. 9 10 The term ‘a crisis within a crisis’, or a so-called ‘double-crisis’, as coined by Danish professors Finn Freedmen and Winning Johannes, refers to a situation where a company experiences a communication crisis that overshadows the initial crisis. 1 A crisis within a crisis naturally has negative implications for a company since it emphasizes weaknesses in the company’s internal structure and/or interactions with stakeholders. The term is relevant to apply to this particular case because its give an accurate description of the consequences of BSP communicative strategy. The agenda setting theory distinguishes between two levels of agenda setting in the media. The first level deals with the significance of an organization where an organization receives more media attention then other related organizations. The second level relates to associations or topics that the public associates with a particular organization. 12 One of the important aspects when dealing with the media is the agenda, which stakeholders often associate to organizations. The agenda setting theory is related to this assumption and therefore is significant to apply when analyzing BSP media relations. Combs, T. W. Holiday, S. J. 2010. The Handbook of Crisis Communications. Wiley- Blackwell, p. 18. Benches, Claus. Guest Lecturer, Global Media Relations Manager at Damon. Gave a lecture on crisis communication on Tuesday the 20th of November. 10 Benches, Claus. Guest Lecturer, Global Media Relations Manager at Damon. Gave a lecture on crisis communication on Tuesday the 20th of November. From his PDF on Crisis Communication. 11 http://pure. AU. Dc/portal-cab-student/files/10106/ Crisis_communication_-_Not_Just_peanuts. PDF 12 Cornelius, Jeep. 2011. Corporate Communication – A Guide to Theory and Practice. Page 146. 9 page 7 of 28 An important element for an organization, according to protect its own reputation, is the communication with stakeholders. As a company might have many different stakeholders it is important to have a tool to categories them. Once the stakeholders are categorized the organization will be able to decide, how and how much it should communicate with this stakeholder. In general when describing stakeholders this paper is using Edward Freeman’s definition of a stakeholder: A stakeholder is any group or individual who can affect or is affected but the achievement of the organization’s purpose and objectives†. 3 In order to categories stakeholders this assignment will use the ‘Stakeholder salience model’. The superiority of this model is that while being extremely simple to use it is also extremely precise when in its finding of how much effort the organization should use when communicating with each category of stakeholder, and even more important; how the company should communicate with its various stakeholders. The model is based on â€Å"salience†, defined as the visibility of the stakeholder to the organization using three parameters; (a) the power of the stakeholder group, (b) the legitimacy of the claim laid upon the organization, and (c) the urgency of how important the claim is according to the need of an immediate action. The purpose of the model is to define how salient a stakeholder group is. The model is based on seven different types of stakeholder groups; (1) Dormant stakeholders are the ones with dominant power and the ability to affect other groups of stakeholders. They are not able to legitimate their claims, and power will only be dormant but have an influence anyway. Mostly, this would be wealthy stakeholders. (2) Discretionary stakeholders are stakeholders with a high degree of legitimacy but without the necessary power to influence the organization. (3) Demand stakeholders are the ones with urgent claims but without power and the necessary legitimacy to enforce them. (4) Dominant stakeholders are the group of stakeholders representing both legitimacy and power. These are stakeholders having great influence on the organization, e. G. Owners and big investors. (5) Dangerous stakeholders are people with both urgent and claims on power. In addition, these will often attempt to use unfair† means. (6) Dependent stakeholders are those who rely on others to get their claims carried out – mostly because of the lack of power. Finally, (7) Definitive stakeholders can be identified as the ones having both legitimacy and urgency as well as power. These are the most powerful stakeholders and it is strictly Cornelius, Jeep. 011. Corporate Communication – A Guide to Theory and Practice. Page 42. Page 8 of 28 necessary for the organization to keep close communication with these. Normally, it would be definitive stakeholders who can also be classified as the shareholders. Once the stakeholders are categorized, the firm can now decide on strategy of communication. When researching strategies of communication, this paper has used the basic framework of communicative strategy given to us in â€Å"Corporate Communication – A Guide to Theory and Practice†14 . The framework generally provides three different strategies. This framework is chosen because of its simplicity when it comes to numbers of strategies and complexity when it comes to ways of communicating within each strategy, hence the framework provide an extremely useful tool when analyzing and discussing what mind of communication BP has conducted, how it worked, why the strategy did not work and why it might have worked better: Informal strategy is a strategy of simple informing about something through; newsletters, press releases etc. This strategy is hence based on the idea that objective information about the organization should be passed on to the relevant stakeholders. Persuasive strategy uses tools such as advertising and meetings/discussions with stakeholders. The general aim of this strategy is to change the stakeholders’ image into a more favorable one or to create particular understanding with the organization’s decisions. The strategy will not create change in the organization, but rather aims to create change in the stakeholders’ perception of the organization and its decisions. Dialogue strategy aims to create a mutual understanding and/or mutual decisions between stakeholders and the organization. Timothy Combs divides a crisis into four different types with two different aspects. The four types are; faux pas, terrorism, accidents and transgressions. In addition, a crisis in this matrix can be of either internal or external, and intentional or unintentional characteristics. 1 5 How to cite BP Crisis Communication, Papers

The Pharaoh Who Was Called Akh Essays - Amarna Period, Akhenaten

The Pharaoh Who Was Called Akh The Pharaoh Who Was Called Akhenaten By Bob Disherman A research paper submitted to Mr. Touma in partial fulfillment of the requirements for World Cultures Charlotte Country Day School Charlotte, North Carolina November 20, 2000 Akhenaten will always be remembered as a great heretic ruler, who uprooted traditional Egyptian religions, and conjured a monotheistic religion that is very close in nature to Christianity and Judaism. His political power was not his strong point, but with the creation of the religion, and the vast change in art forms, Akhenaten will never be forgotten. Amenhotep IV, the name Akhenaten was born with, was the son of the Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Amenhotep III's second wife Tiye (Vansten 6). Amenhotep III was the great-grandson of the famous conquer Thutmose III (Editora, ?Part I? 1), who had gained enormous amounts of land and respect from North Africa and the Middle East, and because he was, the glory that his great-grandfather produced, was laid onto him (Redford 34). Therefore, his role in Egypt was somewhat diminished because he accomplished no great victories or wars, but he did command the power of the people, and made them believe that he was the Sun King (Redford 34). However, one of his most significant ideas was the introduction of co-regency, (Aldred 178) which forever changed the way that Pharaohs would rule. Amenhotep III first marriage was slightly uncommon in traditional beliefs. Normally, a pharaoh would not be allowed to marry a commoner, but that is exactly what Amenhotep III did, he married Tiye (Editora, ?Part 1? 1), a girl from the Middle Egypt whose father was a foreigner named Yuya (Redford 36). Tiye was ?the Great King's Wife until one of their daughters, Sat-amun, was elevated higher then she was (Redford 36). During this marriage, Amenhotep III and Tiye produced two boys and six girls (Redford 36). Amenhotep IV was the second of the boys, and was born c. 1385 BC (Redford 36) Aminadab, the Hebrew equal to Amenhotep, lived and was educated in the eastern delta region, where Egyptian priests of Ra taught him about Amun, and the other important deities such as Aten (Vansten 6). After he was educated in the eastern delta region, he went to live in Thebes for his teenage years (Redford 24-25). Not much is known about his teenage or adolescent years, but many scholars believe that during his stay in Thebes, he became involved with a Ra cult, that worshiped the god Amun. Many believe this is where Amenhotep IV began to believe in the iconology such as the sun disk (Redford 170). During this time frame, circa 1368 BC, Amenhotep III became seriously ill, and could not continue governing Egypt without help (Vansten 6). Therefor, Amenhotep IV, who was the only male still in the direct hereditary line, sense his older brother was dead, was pronounced to marry Nefertiti, who was the daughter of Ay and Tey (Redford 222). Nefertiti was a niece of Tiye and Ay was a close friend of Amenhotep III, so it would easily come that Nefertiti and Amenhotep IV should rule as a co-regent until the death of Amenhotep III, so that the ?power could be buttressed? (Aldred 170). There is some speculation during the co-regency, as to whether Nefertiti held a higher position then Amenhotep IV, but it is known that when Amenhotep III died, Amenhotep IV took over as Pharaoh, with Nefertiti being his chief queen (Aldred 178). After taking control of the throne in 1346, Amenhotep IV transferred the city of rule from Thebes to a new city called Armana (Akhen-taten)(Giuliano 2). Supposedly, Armana was the only spot in Egypt where the ?old? religion had not tainted it (Hawkins ?Who 1), and where the natural surroundings outlined the city with a sun-disk-like design (Aldred 269). It took him a record four years to bring the entire capital cabinet, statues, and citizen population from the old city to the new (Ross 3). Once Amenhotep IV had settled into his new city, he changed his name from Amenhotep IV to Akhenaten, in recognition of the sun god Aten in 1344 BC (Hawkins Akhenaten's Life 2). Thus began the deconstruction period for ancient Egyptian polytheistic religions. After Akhenaten renounced